By release from this cycle, the suffering involved in this cycle also ended. This bondage to repeated rebirth and life, each life subject to injury, disease and aging, was seen as a cycle of suffering. These movements such as Buddhism, Jainism and new schools within Hinduism, saw human life as bondage to a repeated process of rebirth. Samsara originated with religious movements in the first millennium BCE. Moksha is a concept associated with saṃsāra (birth-rebirth cycle). Vivekachudamani, 8th Century CE Eschatological sense For example, Vivekachudamani – an ancient book on moksha, explains one of many meditative steps on the path to moksha, as: Various schools of Hinduism also explain the concept as presence of the state of paripurna-brahmanubhava (the experience of oneness with Brahman, the One Supreme Self), a state of knowledge, peace and bliss. Moksha has been defined not merely as absence of suffering and release from bondage to saṃsāra. This liberation is an epistemological transformation that permits one to see the truth and reality behind the fog of ignorance.

Some Indian traditions have emphasized liberation on concrete, ethical action within the world. This liberation can be attained while one is on earth ( jivanmukti), or eschatologically ( karmamukti, videhamukti). Moksha is also a concept that means liberation from rebirth or saṃsāra. Moksha means freedom, liberation, but from what and how is where the schools differ.

The definition and meaning of moksha varies between various schools of Indian religions. Moksha is derived from the Sanskrit root word, muc, which means to free, let go, release, liberate. The term nirvana is more common in Buddhism, while moksha is more prevalent in Hinduism. However, terms such as moksha and nirvana differ and mean different states between various schools of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

In some schools of Indian religions, moksha is considered equivalent to and used interchangeably with other terms such as vimoksha, vimukti, kaivalya, apavarga, mukti, nihsreyasa and nirvana. Together, these four concepts are called Puruṣārtha in Hinduism. In Hindu traditions, moksha is a central concept and the utmost aim of human life the other three aims are dharma (virtuous, proper, moral life), artha (material prosperity, income security, means of life), and kama (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment). In its epistemological and psychological senses, moksha is freedom from ignorance: self-realization, self-actualization and self-knowledge. In its soteriological and eschatological senses, it refers to freedom from saṃsāra, the cycle of death and rebirth. Moksha ( / ˈ m oʊ k ʃ ə/ Sanskrit: मोक्ष, mokṣa), also called vimoksha, vimukti, and mukti, is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, liberation, nirvana, or release.

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